Category: Engineering

The application of V2G technology varies significantly across different geographic regions and electricity market environments. In a fixed time-of-use pricing environment, vehicle owners can earn price difference profits by charging during…

The proposed MAS architecture is envisioned to simplify energy management in hybrid microgrids for addressing the unique challenges of remote Egyptian regions. These regions often experience inadequate infrastructure, unstable grid connection,…

The 3D printing is an advanced manufacturing technique in which the material builds layer by layer to create complex geometry objects^1,2. The selective laser melting (SLM) 3D printed SS316L steel objects have been utilised mostly in compressive…

Study site

Within California, San Mateo County has the most projected flood exposure due to climate change, with more than 140,000 people and $50 billion of property at risk of flooding through this century³⁸. San Mateo County’s bay shoreline is…

In this section, we present the key achievements of our research, highlighting the significant outcomes and discoveries that have been made. These findings are central to our study and provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic at hand….

Gravimetric analysis

Figure 4 illustrates the pictures of ten samples for both NaPA (hydrogel#1) and AGMA (hydrogel#2) with initial weight one gram before and after swelling for hour in 100 ml distilled water with five varying cross-linker…

Herein, a newly developed constitutive model (named multiscale Cosserat model, i.e., MC model)²⁴ based on the conventional Cosserat model is employed to consider the stress concentration phenomenon. A brief introduction to the Cosserat models is…

Size and shape parameters

The characterization of particle shapes in natural soils often relies on the analysis of individual bulk particles^21,22. This involves assessing size configuration parameters such as length, diameter, and perimeter,…

Mass loss

After high-temperature treatment, the moisture content of the concrete specimen decreases, and its internal structure changes, resulting in a loss of mass of the concrete specimen. The formula for calculating the mass loss rate is as…

The simulation model of FOG was developed and utilized in experimentation to perform the accuracy comparison of four-position and eight-position static schemes in various vibration conditions.

Simulation modeling of FOG output

The FOG output is…