Category: Engineering

Electrification

A diesel engine tractor includes devices to reduce exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). The types of exhaust gas reduction devices employed are exhaust…

Relation between duncan’s and the Mohr–Coulomb strength parameters

The proposed linearization method falls under the category of local Taylor expansion approximation, aligning with the nonlinear dimensionality reduction framework. Unlike…

Problem formulation

We consider a federated learning scenario involving a set of K clients denoted as Clinent = {client₁, client₂,…,client_K}. Each client \(client_i\) possesses a private local dataset \(D_i\), which is retained locally and is…

Antenna design

The single element of the proposed conformal antenna is depicted in Fig. 1. The structure of a single element of the proposed bendable antenna contains a microstrip feedline and a square-shaped patch loaded with two inverted…

FS

The FS test results of seven bitumens during UV aging, as shown in Fig. 5. As the frequency rose, the phase angle (δ) decreased while the complex modulus (|G*|) of bitumens increased. In addition, as the wax content increased, |G*| decreased,…

Dynamic model

The current projectile loom employs a yarn storage device to regulate yarn tension. Similarly, the new loom also utilizes a yarn storage device. It features a high-frequency magnetron floating tension ring and a closed-loop control…

The main phases of the proposed research are outlined in Fig. 1, which begins with a comprehensive evaluation of the appropriate literature, including the most current studies, and culminates with the collection of datasets. The data then goes…

Steatotic liver disease (SLD), formerly known as fatty liver disease, is a common disease defined by the presence of steatosis in more than 5% of the hepatocytes¹. A new nomenclature was recently published, classifying SLD into 5 groups:…

An important factor in the further development of Industry 4.0 and Digital Twins is the education and training of professionally competent engineers in digital technologies for I4.0.

Testbeds

To educate the next generation of engineers, Testbeds…

To elucidate the dynamic evolution mechanisms of overburden fractures under repeated mining controlled by multi-layer key strata, a three-dimensional physical similarity simulation system was developed based on the spatial superposition theory of…