Category: Engineering

The energy recorded by an AE system is typically amplified and measured using the gain of the amplifier. The absolute energy, which represents the true energy of the AE impact signals, was calculated using the voltage output of the AE sensor….

Our analyses distil four interrelated themes that threaded throughout participant responses. We separate them here for analytic clarity, while at times highlighting the porous boundaries and overlaps between them. Themes include participants’…

Gaussian process modeling

Consider a training data set \(\mathcal {D} = \{X,\varvec{y}\}\) generated by \(y_i = f(\varvec{x}_i) + \eta\) with \(f: \mathbb {R}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\), where X \(:=\) \([\varvec{x}_1\), \(\varvec{x}_2\),

Research area and subjects

This study focuses on the Huitong River section of the central part of the Grand Canal, specifically examining the water engineering facilities along this segment. The Huitong River section stretches approximately 480 km…

Sensitivity analysis of Toc logging in the study

The first sub-member of the first member of the Longmaxi Formation (S₁L₁) in the study area is close to the bottom of the Longmaxi Formation. It is currently the main target production interval for…

Existing SMCs have limits, particularly the chattering phenomenon in first-order model^{26,27,28,29,30,31,32} and oscillation issues owing to reaching phase in higher-order model^33,34,35., By developing a novel single-phase PD sliding surface…