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  • NASA’s Earth-observing satellites are crucial — commercial missions cannot replace them

    NASA’s Earth-observing satellites are crucial — commercial missions cannot replace them

    Companies have made impressive progress in measuring Earth’s environmental changes from space. GHGSat, an emissions-monitoring company in Montreal, Canada, tracks methane leaks from landfill sites and oil rigs. Earth-imaging firm Planet in San…

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  • Non-equilibrium critical scaling and universality in a quantum simulator

    Non-equilibrium critical scaling and universality in a quantum simulator

    We probe the post-quench dynamics of a transverse-field Ising chain with tunable power-law interactions. The Hamiltonian of the model is represented as (ℏ = 1):

    $$H=-{\sum}_{i < j}^{N}\,{J}_{ij}({\gamma }^{x}{\sigma }_{i}^{x}{\sigma…

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  • Towards domain-adapted large language models for water and wastewater management: methods, datasets and benchmarking

    Towards domain-adapted large language models for water and wastewater management: methods, datasets and benchmarking

    Dataset selection

    The axiom “you are what you eat” aptly illustrates how generative LLMs operate, as they reflect the patterns found in the vast datasets they are trained on (Fig. 2c). Thus, when enhancing foundation models for water and…

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