Category: 7. Maths

This study’s methodology aims to develop a sound NST process encompassing the basic phases of data preprocessing, model specification, estimation, and model assessment. The selected dataset applied here is MS-COCO, a large and versatile image…

Multifractal loss landscape reproduces key properties found in realistic scenarios

We first introduce our model for deep neural network optimization. The capacity of a deep neural network \(f:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{{d}_{{{\rm{in}}}}}\to…

Existence of unique and global positive solution

In the following, we will demonstrate that the system (1) has a unique positive solution.

Theorem 1

For all \((S(0),V(0),I(0),R(0)) \in {\mathbb {R}}^{4}_{+}\), a…

The study of many dynamical happenings in the real world, especially in the domains of chemical reactions¹, plasma physics², magnetohydrodynamics³, optical fibers⁴, fluid dynamics⁵, telecommunications⁶, quantum mechanics⁷, and other applications

To validate the effectiveness of the proposed single-intersection signal control method based on federated PPO, this section presents a series of training and testing experiments conducted under various traffic flow scenarios. The experimental…

In this section, the datasets, training configuration, experimental environment and other relevant aspects used in the experiments are described in detail. Subsequently, the qualitative and quantitative results obtained from the two datasets are…

In this section we detail the two main components of our framework: cell segmentation and detection, and cell tracking.

Cell segmentation and detection

We display the main stages for cell segmentation and detection in Fig. 1. We describe each of…

Figure 2 presents the detailed work of the proposed approach.

Dataset

In the present work, we have used 4 datasets^23,24,25,26. Ref²³ includes 408 original banana images from real fields of…

In this section, we introduce the existing VRAE methods and RRBE methods.

VRAE

In the VRAE scheme, the image needs to be encrypted first and then the data is embedded. Puech et al. (2008)⁹ proposed one of the initial VRAE schemes, their method…

It is well known that using numerical methods to solve ordinary differential equations is not suitable for solving differential equations of any order. We now discuss the PC approach, which is a generalization of the classical trapezoidal rule….