This section starts with a conceptual overview of the proposed method, provided in Fig. 2. We then explain each module in detail and its end-to-end training pipeline.
Problem formulation
We denote vectors and matrices in bold lower-case x and bold…

This section starts with a conceptual overview of the proposed method, provided in Fig. 2. We then explain each module in detail and its end-to-end training pipeline.
We denote vectors and matrices in bold lower-case x and bold…

We have particular form of solution:
$$\begin{aligned} \Omega (\rho )= \frac{{\sum \nolimits _{j = 0}^S {{\alpha _j}{\phi ^j}(\rho )} }}{{\sum \nolimits _{i = 0}^T {{\beta _i}{\phi ^i}(\rho )} }}.\…

In this section, we propose an incentive mechanism algorithm for the training process. The incentive mechanism includes three parts: the participant screening mechanism, the contribution valuation mechanism, and the two-stage Stackelberg game…

The study protocol was approved by the research ethics board at Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital (approval No. 2023-KY-010), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the study commenced. The study was…
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