Category: 7. Maths

Dynamic motion primitives

Dynamic movement primitives, originally developed by Ijspeert⁵, are designed for trajectory learning. This framework employs an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of the spring-mass-damper type with a forcing term. The…

Inclusion and ethics statement

We provide below the inclusion and ethics statements related to the patient data we access. Note that we only access data from past studies in a retrospective fashion.

he ethics of this retrospective study on clinical…

The whole population is represented by \(N(t)\) which can be further divided into four compartments. \(S(t)\) denotes the susceptible individuals, \(E(t)\) represents the exposed populations, \(I(t)\) contains the infected population and \(R(t)\)…

Experimental setup and evaluation metrics

Experiments were conducted on a Windows 11 system equipped with an AMD Ryzen 7 6800H with Radeon Graphics (3.20 GHz) as the central processing unit (CPU), paired with an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090D Laptop GPU…

Transformer

Figure 1 presents the basic architecture of the Transformer. The Transformer is an Encoder–Decoder model based on Multi-Head Attention. The encoder generates the corresponding syntax vector of the input sequence, whereas the decoder…

Benchmark functions

In this study, 24 typical complex benchmark functions were selected to evaluate the global search ability of the improved algorithm. Functions F1–F4 and F6–F14 are from the CEC2005 benchmark set, functions F5, F17, F19, and…

The proposed network integrates two primary components: the RGB Image module and the BodyPose-Points Data module, both of which work together to capture comprehensive spatio-temporal features critical for detecting fistfight actions in video…

Problem statement

We are given a dataset \({\mathcal{D}}={\{({{\mathcal{G}}}^{(i)},{y}^{(i)})\}}_{i = 1}^{M}\) of labeled biological graphs. Each graph \({\mathcal{G}}=({\mathcal{V}},{\mathcal{E}})\) represents a gene regulatory network (GRN)…

The data analytic model is proposed to sense the clinical data from WS devices that acquire activities vital to humans. This observation takes place periodically, ensembles the clinical data, and detects the function that represents health…

The field of underwater imaging presents significant challenges due to factors such as limited visibility, color distortion, and light scattering within the aquatic environment. To address these issues, a novel framework is proposed that combines…