Theory
Consider a quantized electromagnetic field \(\hat{E}\) transmitted over free space to a phased array receiver. The field can be decomposed into positive and negative frequency components, \(\hat{E}={\hat{E}}^{+}+{\hat{E}}^{-}\), where
Consider a quantized electromagnetic field \(\hat{E}\) transmitted over free space to a phased array receiver. The field can be decomposed into positive and negative frequency components, \(\hat{E}={\hat{E}}^{+}+{\hat{E}}^{-}\), where