Tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of polyacrylamide as a high-efficiency water-based lubricant additive for titanium alloys

PAM and PAM solution characterizations

Figure 1a presents the FTIR spectrum of PAM. The broad absorption band spanning 3000–3700 cm^− 1 corresponds to overlapping stretching vibrations of –NH₂ and –OH functional groups²². Characteristic…