Genetic modulation of rare earth nanoparticle biotransformation shapes biological outcomes

Materials

We acquired a library of metal oxide (MOx) nanoparticles (NPs) through in-house synthesis^37,38 or from US-Nano (Houston, TX, USA). Phagolysosomal simulated fluid (PSF; 142 mg/L Na₂HPO₄, 6.65 g/L NaCl, 62 mg/L Na₂SO₄, 29 mg/L CaCl₂…