Interpretable AI-driven multidimensional chemical fingerprints for geographical authentication of Euryales Semen

Stable isotopic ratios

The distribution trends of stable isotopic values (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ²H, and δ¹⁸O) are visualized in box plots (Fig. 2A–D). The geographical sites included Huaian City in Jiangsu Province (JSHA), Chuzhou City in Anhui…