Calibration-free picosecond LIPS for quantifying heavy metals in soils near Egyptian industrial sites

ICP-OES result

Table 1; Fig. 3 present the concentrations of four elements—Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), and Iron (Fe) in samples collected from sites S1 and S2. These sites form two transects from a central pollution source…

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