H2-free hydrodeoxygenation of microalgae biomass using Pd-Ni/γ-Al2O3 bimetallic nanocatalyst in the supercritical environment

Catalysts characterization

FT-IR

The FTIR spectra of the calcined (unreduced) catalysts are shown in Fig. 2. The wide absorbance bands, which peaked at approximately 3450–3460 cm⁻¹, were identified as the vibration of O–H stretching bonded…