Real-time observation of topological defect dynamics mediating two-dimensional skyrmion lattice melting

Magnetic multilayer stack

The Ta(5 nm)/Co₂₀Fe₆₀B₂₀(0.9 nm)/Ta(0.07 nm)/MgO(2 nm)/Ta(5 nm) multilayer stack (layer thickness with an accuracy better than 0.01 nm) is deposited by d.c./radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using a…